Stalin and His Five Year Plans - 716 Words

During a countries time of despair people look for a new alternative to solve their pre existing problems. In the case of Germany, Russia, and the U.S.A a new leader would suffice, at least that is what they thought. After the World Wars global power structures were changed completely; whether being by the actions Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, or Franklin Delano Roosevelt the way the country was previously run was no longer in continuation. New policies and beliefs were now being enforced on the citizens of these countries. However despite some distaste for these laws the people wanted change and these three individuals came to power at the right time. World War 1 played a major role for the future of many European countries. Germany came into the war to assist Austria after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Poor decision-making by Germanys officials to attack American ships gave the United States reason to now enter the war after trying to evade it. This was a major turning point and assisted in the winning of the British and French. However this war affected Germany tremendously. They lost territory and had to pay reparations to the victors. The people wanted a new leader to give them change and return them to being a super power and from this war came about a military giant who would now change Germanys tactics and mission in the world. Adolf Hitler was a war veteran and was the so-called perfect fit for Germany. Before he rose to power he wrote a bookShow MoreRelatedEvidence has shown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia by creating economic policies to help1300 Words   |  6 Pagesshown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia by creating economic policies to help with the agriculture and also modernized Russia. Stalin’s plan was to make Russia an industrial giant, so Stalin created the five-year plan to work on the farms and factories of Russia. Stalin’s five-year plans were a series of nation wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union (Wikipedia). What that meant was that peasants who didn’t have jobs were required to work on a specific goal that Stalin had to increaseRead MoreStalin And The Soviet Union1336 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Stalin the prominent leader of the Soviet Union had a vision to transform the Soviet Union into an industrialized economy. Through the works of Stalin he implemented â€Å"The Five Year Plan† which included methods and goals that were very important in the arrival of his goal. Though, hard labor, terror, struggle, and work was put on the peasants and kulak class that was key in Stalin’s plans to achieve a Communist society. Through the utilization of terror and repression, Stalin’s Five Year PlanRead More Stalin Dbq887 Words   |  4 Pagesunder Czar Nicholas II was disintegrating, and a provisional government had been set up. In November of 1917, Lenin and his communist followers known as the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and set a communist government in Russia. However, in 1924, Lenin died and Josef Stalin assumed leadership of the Soviet Union, which was the name for the communist Russia. Stalin was a ruthless leader who brought many changes to the Soviet Union. Stalin’s goal was to transform the Soviet Union intoRead More The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People Joseph Stalin was born to a poor family in the province of Georgia in 1879. Stalins real surname was Djugasvili; he adopted the name Stalin whilst in prison as he felt the translation Man of Steel would help his image. Stalin joined the Bolshevik party as a young man and soon became an active member organizing bank raids to gain money for party funds; this led to Stalins imprisonment a number of times. Stalin firstRead MoreStalin s Five Year Plan1661 Words   |  7 Pages Section A: Plan of Investigation The primary focus of this investigation is to asses did Stalin’s Five Year Plans have a positive impact on The Soviet Union’s economy and industry beginning 1928 and leading up to 1941. This topic was chosen to discuss the economical and industrial effects before and after Stalin’s Five Year Plan, this was interesting to study because Stalin introduced the first plan in 1928 after Lenin’s regime ended, and its success in achieving its goals was declared aheadRead MoreExplain the Methods Taken by Stalin to Transform the Soviet Union in the Period 1924-19391491 Words   |  6 Pages‘’Explain the methods taken by Stalin to transform the Soviet Union in the period 1924-1939’’ Commencing from the year 1924 and ending in 1939, Stalin undertook many methods to change the Soviet Union socially and economically. Socially, he developed a ‘cult of personality’, which portrayed Stalin as an all knowing and powerful figure, consequently ensuring his position as leader of the communist party and justifying many of his policies and actions. However, to maintain his position as dictator of theRead MoreJoseph Stalin s Impact On The World1508 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents Joseph Stalin in the real world and he was really important during these events. Joseph Stalin is the one who had the most impact on these series of events that happened. Stalin was a very important man in the world either for good things he did or bad things he did, but he is still very famous and popular for what he has left behind. He was really important because he helped rebel against Nicholas II and made a lot of good things happen to the Russian Empire. Stalin industrialized the Read MoreStalin in Power Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesprogress under Stalin than under any other leader of the Soviet Union, but it happened at a great cost. The enforced policies were meant to improve the overall standards of the people but they had the opposite effect and created chaos. Vladimir IIyich Lenin was one of the biggest influences on Stalin and the way he would come to rule the Soviet Union. â€Å"In 1922, with Lenin’s strong support, Joseph Stalin was appointed to a newly created post: general secretary (Kort 152).† After Stalin took this positionRead MoreHow successful were the five year plans in transforming Russian industry in the year to 1941? (30 marks)1048 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿How successful were the five year plans in transforming Russian industry in the year to 1941? (30 marks) Russia, three times the size of USA today needed industrialization to help improve Russia’s current economic state in the 18th century. The five year plans was one but he also made other changes to help the growth of the economy. One was collectivization in agriculture, another liquidating the kulaks. The five year plans was to help modernize Russia as it still remained solely on agricultureRead MoreThe U.S.S.R. Under Stalin1160 Words   |  5 Pages11.30.10 The U.S.S.R. Under Stalin 1924-1941 Paper 1 Questions Answers 1)a) Evidence in Source D that suggests that Stalins motive for the mass arrests of the late 1930s was to obtain slave labor is that â€Å"the mass arrest of the late 1930s may have been carried out to satisfy Stalins desire for slave labor,† and â€Å"more prison laborers were urgently needed.† b) In Source D, â€Å"absurd inefficiency† means that the overpopulation of the prison laborers in the camps made them disorganized

Analysis Of Jim Crow s Counterculture - 1468 Words

Jim Crow s Counterculture The book â€Å"Jim Crow`s Counterculture† is developed around the issues of racial discrimination, and development of music as a reaction to employment activism. Through the book development of blues music is understood as detailed journey taken by African Americans and motivated by social factors. Its thematic concepts are built around a musical biography. The author has an interest in blues music genre, and its development relationship with blacks and whites communities. He adopted a critical approach towards racial differentiation and political identity. According to Lawson (175), blues artist soon realized that nationality was a better approach to ethnicity than racial limitations. The blues scholar approached†¦show more content†¦However, after significant evolution, music enthusiasts engaged in production of blues, revised what message was to be emphasized on. Eventually blues became an identity of hard work and accommodation of diversity. In accordance with Jim Crow`s blues era, blues assisted the African American community to resist against and agree with white supremacy. The author focused on a five and a half decades period of music evolution. The book studied blues produced during the last decade of nineteenth century as resistance, and reveals it as developing to achieve a sense of accommodation for white people in the mid-twentieth century. The author reveals evolution of blues from initially being a form resistance. It helped transform African American attitude towards national development, and discredited theoretical approach that blues were, or are racially biased against the whites. The agenda of this book was to portray the development of African American culture, because it looked at blacks` as gaining recognition through blues music, use of blues to express social injustice and as a political activism tool. The author looks at blues as historical items of culture and arranges his study according to time change. Close accounts of stereotypes are addressed by the musical study. According to Lawson (55), blues as initially validating white stereotype of black population as lazy persons. The belief that African Americans lacked the will to work was

Learning Styles in the Educational Environment Free Essays

Many people learn in different ways. Learning Styles are various approaches or ways of learning. There are three types of Learning Styles. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Styles in the Educational Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now People receive, process, and retain information by using visual, auditory, or kinesthetic methods. Visual Learners learn by using their eyes, often focus on the eyes, and body language, gestures and facial expression of their instructors. It is also common for visual learners to remain clearly focused on the material. Auditory learners, learn through listening. These individuals prefer to discuss materials and often pay close attention to the pitch, tone, words and speed of which teachers deliver their messages. Kinesthetic learning gives the need for a student to touch and feel in order to retain information. People who are a kinesthetic learner often become easily agitated due to their needs for further instruction and to physically get their hands on items relating to the material in front of them. Your environment can play an important role in all learning styles. Different environmental factors can affect the learning process in positive and negative ways. Some learners learn better when it is bright while others are bothered by excessive light. Other learners learn better when it is extremely quiet while noise and activity are important for some students. The temperature of an environment can play a role also. When someone is too hot or too cold they have a more difficult time concentrating and cannot learn the material necessary. It is important for an educator to provide the right environment. Some students have different learning styles but they may also have different environmental preferences as well. For an example, some students may like to study when the lights are dimmed, but others may find it difficult to see. Some students may enjoy playing music and some may find it distracting and not easily focused. In today’s society many people are utilizing online learning. Online learning allows students to learn in a distant or disadvantage location. A traditional classroom setting allows students to interact and exchange ideas. In the Quarterly Review of Distance Education (Fall 2006), â€Å"A study compared the effects student learning styles with Web-based learning (WBL) and traditional instructor-based learning (ILB) on student knowledge and satisfaction. Student knowledge and satisfaction were measured at the end of the courses as dependent variables. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory was used to determine learning styles. The results revealed that students’ learning styles were statistically significant for knowledge when comparing Web-based format with instructor-based format. The results indicated students with Assimilator and Converger styles achieved better results with the Web-based format. Furthermore, this study found a significant difference in student satisfaction for learning with the Web-based format (p. 313-316). † There are a lot of disadvantages when it comes to learning styles for online learners. Such as, Students who attend online courses will be exposed less to auditory techniques than in a traditional classroom setting. Some course materials will provide you with as much visual and hands-on activities as necessary. In an online class there is a lot of passive learning done through reading text, listening to audio clips, and seeing graphics, but can only communicate through writing, email, and chatting. In the College Student Journal (Sept 2010), the article stated â€Å"there was a study that investigated the relationship between students’ learning styles and their achievement in two different learning environments: online instruction and traditional instruction. The results indicated that a) students in the traditional learning group had higher, but not statistically significant higher, levels of achievement than students in the online learning group, b) a student’s learning style had no statistically significant effect on their course grades in any of the two instructional methods, and c) there was no significant interaction between the learning style and instructional method. † Whether it is online or traditional when given a good learning environment most people tend to remember best by practicing the real thing. Next, a combination of doing and speaking about what we learn produces a high retention rate, followed by speaking alone. The interaction and delivery methods used in online classes are different from traditional classes. In Using Learning Styles to personalize online learning, Maria Zajac states â€Å"The results of a survey carried out at Warsaw School of Economics, where every semester up to 2,000 students attend online lectures, have shown that there are no significant differences between the grades that student get in e-learning courses and in traditional on-campus classes ([3] Dabrowski and Zajac, 2006). Although, some students indicated in a survey that e-learning methods are more convenient for them as they do not require, for instance, making notes during the lecture, which they perceived as a factor influencing their concentration, there was no significant difference between the final exam scores of those taking online and on campus lectures (p. 256). † If you are an auditory learner at which you learn best by hearing you may want to consider a traditional classroom setting. There are a lot of myths flowing around about learning styles. There is one belief that learning styles is not necessary to incorporate useful knowledge. Supposedly there is no credible evidence that learning styles exist. In the Myth of Learning Styles, (Reiner 2010), the author writhes â€Å"Students differ in their abilities, interests, and background knowledge, but not in their learning styles. Students may have preferences about how to learn, but no evidence suggests that catering to those preferences will lead to better learning (P. 32). The myth of learning styles is based on three premises: learning styles are intrinsic, learning styles can be assessed; learning styles can be matched to instructional styles. The myth of learning styles refers to the idea that teaching methods should be matched to students’ unique characteristics. Although individualization is desirable, learning style assumes that certain learner characteristics are intrinsic when they may in fact be the result of experiential factors. As a result, teachers may inadvertently deny low-performing students opportunities to learn. Majority of students have more than one learning style. Students should think about their learning style to identify how they learn. Learning to relate to others in their own style is important in helping us understand others and why they react the way they do. Taking time to learn your learning style will improve the way you communicate with others. In conclusion, there are a lot of environmental factors that can affect the way you learn. Students need to take in account that there environment in which they are learning in plays an important role of how they process there information. How to cite Learning Styles in the Educational Environment, Essay examples

Formal and Non Formal Education free essay sample

Formal and Non Formal Education BY shtvali288 Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind,character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) bring up, which is related toeducere bring out, bring forth what is within, bring out potential nd ducere, to Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on manysubJects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal and Non Formal Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition there is an array of education possible at he informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve. Formal and Non Formal Education has basic differences. Formal education is classroom-based, accompanied by trained teachers. Informal education happens outside the classroom, in after-school programs, community-based organizations, museums, libraries, or at home. Both formal and informal education settings offer different strengths to educational outreach project. After-school programs offer a different kind of environment, where ones activities dont need to be as formal and once can easily reach the audience. While both schools and after-school programs serve students, at school blossom in after-school settings. Real learning can happen in a setting where kids feel less intimidated or more comfortable than they do in a formal classroom. Education is about teaching and learning skills and knowledge. Education also means helping people to learn how to do things and encouraging them to think about what they learn. It is also important for educators to teach ways to find and use information. Through education, the knowledge of society, country, and of the world is passed on fromgeneration to generation. In democracies, through education, children and adults are supposed to learn how to be active and effective citizens. t is part of the Job of an educator, an instructor, teacher, or tutor to create a place for learning. There are many different kinds of education. Formal education Formal education is usually in school, where a person may learn basic, academic, r trade skills. Formal education begins in elementary school and continues with secondary school. Post-secondary education (or higher education) is usually at a college or university. Nonformal education adult literacy education or school equivalency preparation. In nonformal education an adult (or a youth who is not in school) can learn literacy, other basic skills or Job skills. Nonformal education can be in small classes or through self study. Informal education There is also informal education. For example, a parent teaches a child how to prepare a meal. Someone can also get an informal education by reading many books from a library. Informal education is when you are not studying in a school and dont use another particular learning method. This article presents a conceptual framework for understanding the interrelationships among formal, nonformal and informal education. It provides a typology of modes of education across the life span, from childhood to old age. The nonformal education mode is the focus of the article as examples of programs for differing ages, sexes, social classes and ethnic groups are discussed. The third ection of the article raises questions regarding the relationship between nonformal education for individual and social change within and across cultural and socio- economic groups. It also discusses the relationship between nonformal and formal education relative to their respective scope and outcomes. The author argues that educational resources must be viewed as interacting modes of emphasis rather than as discrete entities. Hence, all individuals are engaged in learning experiences at all times, from planned, compulsory and intentional to unplanned, voluntary and ncidental. It is also argued that nonformal education may be more strongly associated with socio-economic, sex and ethno-religious groups than is formal education. Because of these strong socio-economic and cultural ties, the utility of nonformal education for social, as opposed to individual, change is often restricted. The value of nonformal, as opposed to formal, education for access to the opportunity structure for low socio-economic status populations is also questioned because of the greater legitimacy typically associated with schooling.

Mariah Carey - Butterfly free essay sample

With the release of her sixth album, Butterfly Mariah Carey soars to new heights, while her feet remain planted on the ground. This album has it all, from gut-wrenching ballads such as the title track Butterfly to amazing dance mixes like The Roof. Mariah already has a hit on her hands with her first single, Honey, which debuted at number one on the Billboard charts. It looks like her next single, Butterfly, will do the same. I cant put this album down. Mariah has gone all out, doing duets with Bone Thugs-n-Harmony in Breakdown, writing Babydoll with Missy Elliot, and a special appearance by Sean Puffy Combs in Honey. Even if you hate these three, dont pass Butterfly by, because the songs are amazing. Clearly Mariah has grown as an artist as well as a person. On a scale from 1 to 10, I give Butterfly a 9.5!

How I Wrote My Novel by Building a Community

How I Wrote My Novel by Building a Community How I Wrote My Novel by Building a Community Giuseppe Porcaro is the author of DISCO SOUR: an existential odyssey of a heartsick politician trying to save a war-torn, post-austerity Europe from algorithmic autocracy. In this article, he talks about the collaboration behind his latest novel, which was inspired in large part by interactive events he organized during the writing process.When I first started working on DISCO SOUR, I had a story stuck in my head, and this romantic dream of writing on the beach, sipping on a coconut through a straw and hammering out my book in a couple of weeks. So, I bought a ticket to Indonesia and settled on the island of Gili Meno, where I rented a bungalow by the beach. Fresh Bintangs (local beers) took the place of the coconut.Learning that there’s more to writing a novel than just, well, writingAfter three days on the island, I fell in the mud after a tropical storm and severely dislocated my arm. A local suggested that I visit their aunt in a nearby village because she was an osteopath and would be able to help heal my arm.Finally, I organized a workshop for interactive world building for DISCO SOUR with Librebook, an independent bookstore in Brussels. Jessica Woodworth, an American filmmaker, and Pieter de Byser, a Belgian theatre director, joined to give their own perspectives on creating imaginary worlds.How community-building contributed to my novelAll of these events made my writing journey a unique and collaborative one. They provided a wealth of information for character development and even inspired entire scenes: without these events, the book would have been entirely different. For example, during the â€Å"Eurovisions† event, Denis Maksimov sketched the concept of â€Å"State of Noland,† and the role of free economic zones in hacking nation states. This concept became key in developing the backdrop for my novel: the outbreak of a European civil war.I also included snippets of conversations about dating apps that were recorded during the T inderpolitics performance, and the dance parties I hosted were instrumental in depicting many of the disco scenes.One of the most valuable outcomes of this whole process was the community that formed about DISCO SOUR. Readers became part of the story, helping create the world of the novel simply by showing up and taking part in my events. I also created a Facebook group (which acquired 800 followers), and a newsletter (which has grown to 1,000 subscribers) to keep participants of the event up-to-date on the writing journey. "By throwing events inspired by my book, I allowed readers to become part of the story." However you choose to write your novel, make sure you have funEvery author has a unique approach to writing a book. However, it can be said across the board that creating a story with which you’re happy takes time and consistency, and, above all, it has to be fun. If you don’t have fun writing it, people won’t have fun reading it. "If you don’t have fun writing your book, people won’t have fun reading it." And as any independent author knows, writing a novel is only half the battle. Drumming up interest is the other half. And while my decision to involve people in the writing process was for creative reasons, facilitating shared, face-to-face experiences with potential readers was also an excellent way to build buzz and encourage people to become invested in DISCO SOUR. I learned a great deal from my friends, filmmakers, journalist, native English-speakers (English being a second language for myself), Reedsy professionals, and avid readers - all of whom helped my story grow.Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Giuseppe Porcaro in the comments below!The book is available for pre-orders on Unbound.I would like to thank Michael Rowley and Jessica Hatch, who I worked with to develop and finalize the manuscript.

Research Methods in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Research Methods in Criminal Justice - Essay Example The researchers can utilize the same time, resources, and energy to collect detailed information from the six precincts, so that a better understanding of the prevailing crime situation can be developed. The disadvantage of such critical case sampling is mainly that it introduces bias in the research since data collection sources were strategically chosen. In addition to that, study of just six police precincts is too less when compared with the total number of precincts distributed across the five boroughs in the New York City, i.e. 76. Although the researchers would be able to collect detailed information from the six precincts, yet a whole range of factors contributing towards the spread of crime in the rest of the boroughs would be missed out. As a result of this, the reliability of research would be lowered as somebody else collecting information from the left out precincts might reach different results for the same city. Alternative sampling methods could be selection of precincts that would at least be equal to the sample size generated from the 76 precincts. A questionnaire-based survey from all precincts would be more convenient and reliable, yet the researchers would not b e able to have a detailed insight that they can have by selecting just six

Aerobic Zumba paper for a sports student and linked to a lesson plan Term

Aerobic Zumba for a sports student and linked to a lesson plan - Term Paper Example The microcycle exercises taught here are very beneficial to the general health. Physical exercise can be defined as any kind of bodily activity that is performed to maintain the individual’s physical fitness, the general health and wellness of the person. Exercises are carried out for a variety of reasons for instance weight loss, strengthening of the muscles and cardiovascular system, maintenance and even for the purpose of entertainment and enjoyment. Frequent physical exercise is a booster to the immune system and assists in the prevention of diseases like those related to the heart, cardiovascular system, obesity and certain types of cancer (Woods, 2011, p. 41). Exercise is known to improve the state of mental health and promote and enhance the confidence and self esteem of those who get involved in it. These benefits are discussed in this term paper very exhaustively. The effects of these exercises on the basic skills of the learners and any other person who gets involved in them are also reviewed. This is discussed with the view of enhancing the strength, speed, endurance and coordination of those involved. Exercise indeed makes people feel better, to build in more energy and even live longer live longer lives. The health benefits of carrying out regular exercise and constant physical activity are not easy to ignore. They are beneficial to every individual regardless of age, physical ability and sex. Healthcare providers have often described exercises as a miracle or wonder drug whose capability is very tremendous in preventing diseases where expensive drugs could be used (Kennedy & Yoke, 2009, pp. 294-295). Indeed, exercise is a drug at the disposal of every individual. One chooses to take it or leave it at the expense of social and health well being. The Beneficial Effects of microcycle Exercises One of the beneficial effects of the exercises is that it helps to reduce the size of the waistline. This is very helpful as it tones and strengthens th e entire mid section and also boosts the hips. For the learners to achieve this fundamental benefit, they should perform the exercise of standing with legs hip-width apart and positioning the hands in front of the chest for balance (Alidina, 2012). The right foot then should be stepped on the right side followed by the left foot, and then the body twisted. The same step should be repeated on the opposite side. Exercise can significantly assist in the prevention of excess weight gains. In the same vein, exercise assists in maintaining the weight loss. When one engages in exercise or physical activity calories are burned. When the activity is intense more calories are burned. This has fundamental health benefits and can prevent several diseases that arise from conditions such as obesity. One does not have to set aside huge chunks of time and resource in doing the exercise so as to gain from these benefits. If one feels that it is very hectic to carry out these exercises, he should not worry and feel so left out. It is possible to reap these benefits by getting active throughout the day by doing simple things. Simple ways such as taking stairs instead of elevator, spending some time walking and reviving up the household chores can work out miracles and help those who fear to carry out the actual exercise equally achieve the health benefits associated with such exercises (Kraemer & Fleck, 2007, pp. 120-122). Exercise helps is combating diseases and other health conditions. Those who are worried about health diseases now have nothing to worry about if they can take an active role in carrying out the exercises. High blood

AL 8 Response CRJ 546 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AL 8 Response CRJ 546 - Essay Example that when attacks occur, we become cautious about attacks but with the passage of time, out security level gets to an average level and the probability of attacks increases again. Jennifer has answered to the questions in the form of one big paragraph. She has started with the purpose of building the Department of Homeland Security which is to fight terrorism at home and abroad. She has defined catastrophic terrorism as an attempt to gain access to weapons. She has rightly said that terrorists can attempt to target the infrastructural and agricultural facilities in order to paralyze the United States. She has also rightly said that with the passage of time people are getting less cautious towards security. Mandi has taken a very sensible approach while answering the questions. She has answered each question separately. She has given the example of 9/11 attacks and has said that those attacks were a reality check for the United States to know whether we should take mass-level security related corrective measures or not. The writer has rightly said that the repetition of the attacks is probable as we sit back and think that it will not occur again. However, there is lack of details on whether Americans, as a nation, have forgotten the reality of terrorist attacks or not. The writer has written about the approach of the government in this regard more than that of the people of the United

Local, National, Private and Global Brand Differences

Local, National, Private and Global Brand Differences Brand has becomes a familiar things toward the consumer, having a brands also help consumers in many ways and anything that was unbranded will going hardly in the market. The brands also could create value on the product. For example, Nike product that a product that could create value among the consumer. Besides that brand also assist the product into numerous ways and also as a legal protection. The product that has a brand will difficult to the other product to copy the product. In addition, brand also could makes sense to understand that branding is not about getting your target market to choose you over the competition, but it is about getting your prospects to see you as the only one that provides a solution to their problem. The brand can be variety types. Each of its will have their own style of branding and using their own strategy. The local brand, private brand, national brand, and global brand were the main brand that the manufacturers in all over the world use it. So, it better for the manufacturer to know each of this kind of brand that been use nowadays. Besides that, the strategies that being used of these four brands also will be different. Brand strategy is aimed on influencing people perception about the brand such as they were persuaded to act in a certain manner, for example buying and using the products and services offered by the brand and purchase at a higher price. In addition, most brand strategies aim to persuade people to buy and use by offering them some form of experience. Branding is typically an activity that was undertaken in a competitive environment that aims to persuade people for the brand. Firstly is the national brand. This kind of brand is a brand that circulated throughout the country. The product is only being nationally distributed and marketed. Moreover the national brands are owned and advertised by a manufacturer. National brand also can differ from the local brand or regional brand. In marketing side, this type of brand is more difficult than the local brand. In order to market their product they have to know their consumer very well but it may took a long period of time. The cost also was big. This is because in order to market the national brand they have to know their customer widely. Moreover, this kind of brand will use to market their brand is other country by radio, print and television advertising. The advertisement also can be customized for local and national brands so that the public could get familiar with the brands. Companies which sell national brands count on the reputation of their brands to get the market share. The national brands may appeal the consumer by their brands name. Consumer often looks the brands which are familiar and easy to identify. National brands may play on distrust of regional or private label brands to get consumer to buy them. Its also have to encourage people to ask question, for example the quality of generic or store branded products. Most national brands started with small regional brands then will slowly grew over time. New companies products are constantly being established and some of the company will go on to capture of the market and expand it to a wider area and lastly will become national brands. The example of the product in Malaysia which is from the regional brand and eventually become a national brand is Padini brands This type of brands has to create their own brands strategy in order to make their products being achieved in the market. This national brand has to focus on the brand equity strategy. They have to create a loyal customer and the customer who aware about their brand. Some of the retailer will use the packaging strategy. They will design the unique packaging so that consumer will remembered the brand directly. For example, an Avon product is gaining preferred shelf positions by partnering with retailers and using packaging and displays as part of a marketing. In the new scenario, the national brands equity is often used to endorse a store brand. That could raise the stature of the company brand. Secondly, the local brand. This type of brand is a brand that sold their product or marketed their brands product in a small or restricted geographical area. This type of brand only can found in the one country or region. It may also be a brand that is developed for a specific national market, however the amazing things is the local brand is more often being done by the consumers than by the producers. The local brand is very easily in marketing their products. It was not hard to know their customer because of the area that they have to study about their customer is not wide. The local brand may used many strategy in order to makes their brand is being aware by the consumer. The local brands were a brand that easy to develop. For example of the brand that only famous in the Philippines could survive in the Philippines market. They have used brand strategy by knowing their customer need and want and the relevant brand name according to their culture. The local brand has to create a modified branding if the product that they sell were similar with the other products. The uniqueness of the brand name or sign may attract the consumer attention. The other type of brand product is the private brand. This is the brand where the retailer or the member buys from a manufacturer in bulk and puts its own name on the product. This mare give more advantages on the retailer, such as will give more freedom and flexibility in pricing. Other than that is more control over product attributes and quality, lower selling price and eliminates much of the manufacturers promotional costs. The private brand also gives a benefit to the manufacturer. The private brands provide another outlet for distributing their products or services. By producing the same goods as for their national brand distribution and labelling them with private brands for varies clients, the volume of production is often higher than it would be otherwise. For example of the private brand was Macys. It was recognized as a retail industry leader in developing private brand merchandise that differentiates the assortments in their stores and delivers exceptional value to the customer. Merchandise for each private brand available only at Macys, is developed to appeal to a certain customer lifestyle. The marketing programs also have been supported by creating a precisely defined image. Macys also develops private label goods to meet specific customer needs and fill gaps in the assortment. The strategy that this private brand should use is, firstly the unit of package. This is the strategy that could be developing on this brand. Nowadays it difficult to assign a private label character even though the product have enhance the customer loyalty because of any reason. This kind of product will not qualify as the private brand label. In addition, using the relabeling strategy also can be used. The unit of pack must bear only the brand name of the particular store or any other party the store may choose for its private label programme. Private labels will enhance the profitability by increasing the negotiation power of the retailer and better value that been creates may get the customer loyalty. Global brand can be defined as a brand which perceived to reflect the same set of values around the world. The global brands were more focusing on enduring relationship with consumers across countries and cultures. Nowadays there were many of the global brands was sold in international markets. For example of the global brand are Facebook, Apple, Coca cola, McDonalds and Sony. These brands are selling the similar product in the multiple markets and it also can be considered as successful global brands. These kind of brand also can be easily recognize by the cross cultural of consumer. In addition, there were many advantage of the global brand. Firstly the marketing costs will be lower and then the brand imagery was consistency and being maintained. Furthermore the global brand also have to be variable, it may be differ from country to country. The elements that have to be differ from one place to other place are the corporate slogan, product and services, products names, product feat ures, positioning of the products and the marketing mix also have to be change. The change will may depend on the differences of the language, style of communication, cultural differences, brand development, and consumption patterns. The global brand can use many strategies, for example the broad strategy areas that can be used are the brand domain. These brand domains are experts in one or more of the aspects. In order to used this kind of strategy the person must have an intimate knowledge, not only about the technologies shaping but also the pertinent consumer behaviour and needs. Brand recognition also one of the branding strategies. This kind of strategy was specialists distinguish themselves from competition by raising their profiles among the consumers. It can be use as to convince consumer to showed their brands is different than the other competitor. However brand strategy is not a given and needs to be constantly be reassessed. The brand managers must decide what the best course of action for their brands is in particular markets, based on an analysis of the relevant internal and external influences on the brands. In conclusion there were many differences among the local, private, national and global brand. The people who use any one of the brands have to understand clearly about the brands, so that they can implement many kinds of strategy. Understanding this four types of brand will make the person can decide which one he or she want to used. Any types of brand that being choose must have their own advantages and disadvantages, it depends on the individual to used it and manage the disadvantage that they may face.

Abbie Hoffman: A Present Day Monologue :: essays research papers fc

My name is Abbie Hoffman. Steal this speech while square dancing in the Ice ages, it’s soon to be a major motion picture†¦ Yippie! Do you know what that means? That means that there’s a revolution on, that we can change an H to a Y., that we can bring more than 10,000 people to Lincoln Park in Chicago on a myth, a rumor, a story. Yippie! It means the home of the FREE and the land of the BRAVE. Chicago was a place for the brave to fight for their freedom. When we came to chicago, we thought, hey, they’ll put up some resistance, but they’ll give us a permit to have our little Yippie! get-together in the park. I mean shit, it’s our right. Mayor Daley, he didn’t give a shit about our â€Å"rights† he didn’t want one goddamn hippie in his city, let alone 10,000. He didn’t want chicago to have that reputation, HE didn’t want to have that reputation. Do you know what happened in Chicago? According to Mayor Daley, only a few minor injuries due to resisting arrest and rioting; according to some outside sources, and my own count, a couple people died and a lot of people were wounded because the pigs were beating on us for practicing our right to assemble peacefully. Hell, we were peaceful, a damn sight more peaceful than the cops. We were assembled to protest war, all we wanted to do was get together and smoke a little weed. The cops, they came at us with arms swinging. But I get ahead of myself. You’re all so young, you don’t know about Chicago’s other, meaner side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Chicago, we Yippies wanted to have a rally, and Chicago was really central to the movement, so we petitioned the Chicago Parks Department for a permit to have bands come play during the week of the Democratic Convention in 1968. They stalled, and pretended to have little problems with the permit. No one was fooled. We sued them for denying us our constitutional rights; but we withdrew our suit when we saw who our judge was. His name was Judge Lynch, and he was mayor Daley’s friend or cousin or something. Very ironic...the next judge that we went before because the city was stalling was Judge Stahl. S-T-A-H-L. So in a nutshell, we said â€Å"can we have a get-together in the park?

Loblaw Companies Limited: Preparing for Wal-Mart Supercenters

Case 16 1. The grocery industry is a commoditized industry, which makes it difficult for grocers to sustain through differentiation. Buyer power is high and thus, cost leadership and operational efficiencies are critical. There is fierce competition amongst various grocery stores, with the main players such as Loblaw and A&P holding multi-banner stores in various market segments. Traditional grocery stores also lose some of their market share to drug stores, convenience stores and other retailers who have entered the industry. Threat of substitutes from fast-food and take- away outlets is not as prevalent, since many grocery stores have started stocking ready-to-eat meals and have deli services available for consumers. Competitive pressures are increasing in the industry with the potential entry of Wal-Mart and new delivery methods such as the internet. 2. grocery store industry witnessed a lot of changes. Competitive pressures in the industry are increasing and several new competitors including wal-mart are entering the market. New methods of delivery such as the interned are making it difficult and challenging for traditional based stores to comply. Customer preferences are diversifying and different demands are increasing. In addition to the price war that strike the markets. The maturity of the industry, characterized by flat demand combined with the growth aspiration of the dominant suppliers makes the industry a competitive battleground. Competitors work toward driving costs down while responding to swiftly changing consumer tastes. Grocery managers therefore are challenged to provide the marketing mix of tomorrow, emphasizing speed, flexibility, and early identification of trends directed at segmented and rapidly evolving markets. The mass consumer market has been replaced by hundreds of highly diversified mini-markets for which grocery companies have to design custom made solutions. 3. Key Success Factors of the grocery industry include the following: Low cost operations; leading to lower prices Convenient locations and large stores Wide product ranges; good quality Value added services; customer loyalty programs Cutting-Edge technology, both front-end and back-end Looking at the above factors, there are many opportunities for Canadian grocers to improve on their services such as vertical integration as supplier/distributor, innovative technologies like RFID, and global expansion Loblaw's unique tangible resource is that they own 63% of their corporate stores real estate properties. As mentioned above, the grocery industry is heavily commoditized and competitive. The Canadian market leader, Loblaw, serves a broad target market and integrates a low cost strategy with product and process differentiation. Through their multi-banner approach, they leverage their core competencies across multiple businesses. The biggest winner for the company had been the multi format approach. The company also holds about 60% of the real estate where they operate giving the benefit to change. The company refurnish the stores every 5 years when the industry norms are 7 years. 4. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths: Strong Market Share Broad Product Portfolio Diversified Store Format Low prices with good quality items at all franchises Great customer service/customers have a say in the company Noticeably friendly workers Constantly looking for areas of improvement Array of services Canadian unlike foreign competitors like wallmart Weaknesses: Low Online Operations Limited Geographical Presence Opportunities: Rise in Demand for Private Labels Strategic Plans Rising Demand for Organic Products Opening new stores helps them become more competitive The unfortunate economy will create a new wave of customers looking for cheaper prices Threats: Expiry Of Agreement With Labor Union Highly Competitive Market Wal-Mart Business Partnerships Higher prices on certain items makes them less competitive in those areas (electronics and household furniture). By the above S. W. O. T analysis, one can see that Loblaw’s KSF’s are on track and that they are headed in the right direction to bring them back on top. There is of course still work for Loblaw to do with their pricing, however that will come with time because when the company is doing better, they will be able to lower their prices even more. They are putting up a good fight though! Loblaws prices for certain items were only a mere 10-15 cents higher than that of Wal-Mart which demonstrates that they are climbing the ranks and will eventually pose as a threat to WalMart. Being pure Canadian company is also a core competency because many people enjoy supporting their country even if it means spending an extra 10-15 cents. These key factors (low prices, better quality products, great customer service, and being Canadian) will help Loblaw rise to the top again. 5. Lederer's plan to combat the threat of  Wal-Mart  Supercentre grocery stores turned bad on the company Consolidating its distribution centres, which supposedly made the supply chain more efficient, resulted in the departure of many of the chain's general merchandise buyers who were unwilling to move. There were numerous delays and coordination problems as suppliers had trouble shipping their goods to stores on time, and Loblaws was forced to mark it down in order to liquidate excess inventory. Expanding its inventory to general merchandise, supposedly to make a one-stop location like Wal-Mart Supercentres, was considered by many customers to be below the standards of Loblaws. Lederer stopped investing in its convential supermarkets and focused on building its major discount format, the real Canadian superstores. He spent 25 million dollars to motivate old employees to retire early as he turned traditional old stores into superstores. . This is a significant evaluation, because Loblaw is Canada’s largest food distributor, as well as one of the largest private sector employers. Loblaw operates under names such as The Real Canadian Superstore, Fertinos, Provigo, SuperValu, Zehrs, Atlantic Superstore, Loblaws, and Your Independent Grocer. Along with food and household products , Loblaw provides consumers with other services, such as banking, gas stations, pharmacies, photo developing, dry cleaning, and fitness centers. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of Loblaw was conducted through secondary research, using both internal and external sources. This report focuses on the goods distribution and marketing aspects of Loblaw, by exploring its history, primary products, social responsibilities, and financial position. Ratios of the past and present will be taken into consideration when researching and making recommendations. History Loblaw Companies Limited was incorporated in 1956 and it now employs over 122 000 part-time and full-time employees throughout its 990 branches. As a subsidiary of George Weston Limited, it has supplied the Canadian market with innovative products and services for more than 45 years. The superstore idea was first introduced to Western Canada in 1979. Loblaw operates in a highly competitive industry, challenged by many other supermarkets, such as Safeway. Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Loblaw Companies Limited is classified according to the functions of each department. Areas of specialization include: auditing, governance and compensation, pensions, environment, health and safety, and executive. Committee and team authority govern this tall, hierarchical organization, where individuals within the several layers report back to their superiors in the chain of command. Ultimately each senior vice-president reports to the executive vice-president, who in turn reports to the president of the company, who is responsible to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors itself is divided into five committees, which represent each area of specialization. Social Responsibility Loblaw demonstrates its social responsibilities in the following areas: Environment: Loblaw has various company policies concerning the environment, one of which demands that various operating sectors develop and implement waste reduction. Reports are given to the environmental committee operated by a sect of board of directors who are not directly employed by Loblaw. Attempting to project an environmentally friendly image, Loblaw announced in 2002, that all of their garden centers would be pesticide free by 2003. Their waste reduction initiative has seen positive results, as was the case in 1999, when it reduced solid waste by 75%, organic waste by 60% and water waste by 38%. Use of underground tanks has been decommissioned; in addition PCB’s and asbestos have been removed from company operatives. Employees: The philosophy that a company’s success is directly affected by the attitude of the employees, is put into action when Loblaw concentrates on coordinating positive relationships with their employees. Employee benefits include life or health insurance, dental insurance, and a pension plan. A stock option plan and an Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP), which are administered through a trust, are also available. This allows employees to make five percent deductions from their regular earnings; Loblaw then contributes 15% of each employee’s contributions to the ESOP plan. Recruiting, hiring, and training are all done on a store-by-store basis. Loblaw maintains health and safety programs in its stores to address health and workplace safety. This system is also subject to compliance audits. Community: Charities such as Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation, Canadian Cancer Society, President Choice Children’s Charity, Easter Seals, the Canadian Merit Scholarship and many more benefit from Loblaw’s donations. Loblaw has purchased Maple Leaf Gardens, further developing its roots in the city of Toronto. Customers: Loblaw strives to have a good relationship with ts consumers through feedback, quality customer and product services. Programs such as the President’s Choice Financial MasterCard allow consumers to collect points, which are redeemable for goods within the store. Loblaw also attempts to get feedback from consumers through focus groups and surveys. However, Loblaw fails in the area of consumer responsibility by not allowing supplie rs to indicate whether or not their products are genetically engineered. The company goes as far as to demand that companies selling genetically engineered goods avoid proclaiming so on their labels. Investors: Loblaw is working towards being socially responsible to their investors by keeping them informed by releasing online annual reports and mailing them out. The company provides sustainable returns through dividends by reinvesting cash flow into the firm’s real estate and land. 7. loblaws was the largest supermarket chains in Canada. they opened a series of the real Canadian superstores in Ontario, where they expected wallmart to open their first food superstores. These were built as low-cost, one stop shopping destinations. The real Canadian superstores were as the size of two football fields and sold a combination of groceries and non-food items. Lederer consolidated the the companies distribution centers from 32 to 26 facilities, in order to increase the efficiency of the supply systems. He closed old warehouses and opened new ones in Brampton Ontario. Real Canadian superstore were located along walmart supercenters as if facing at war. Geographically wise they were allocated at same areas and when it comes to goods and commodities, the both handled non food items along with their usual groceries. The war did begin. 8. Galen Weston Jr. as supposed to rescue the company by fixing the broken delivery system. He started by managing a pilot online grocery business in Ontario. Galen along with his team outlined a new business plan. He studied the problems and found out that they have a big delivery problem and that they are still over-priced. He aimed to increase sales and earnings by cutting prices, offer ing more products, and improving customer service. Galen started working on investors and opening up in idols such as the maple leaf stadium in downtown which he turned into a grocery store as to gain people due to their passion to the hockey team which was a symbol at the ountry. Moreover he succeeded in becoming number one again. 9. Recommendations for Loblaw: A private label: a store like Loblaw’s needs a particular way it can standout the competition. They could approach the strategy of having private labels in store. Cut down on general merchandise: they should reduce low quality goods and focus on selling people groceries with good quality plus they should concentrate on groceries rather than electronics because too much diversity infects being the best at a certain field. Make the store attractive to the customers eyes: try to beat wal-mart by obtaining a store that is clean, decorated, high ceilings, no open boxes, attractive lighting and displays. Make the stores easy to roam and let commodities that are of the same interest be on a route that customers don’t pass by unwanted goods. Let people say this is the store I want to buy from. Supply chain management: its clear that the supply chains logistics used by Loblaw’s should be changed. Empty shelves phenomena should become extinct because it makes good stores look cheap and unreliable. Increase marketing: marketing and advertisement should be extreme and excessive especially when change happens, prices differ, and news are there. Promotions should reach customers well enough to gain or even regain their loyalty. People should know that the company recognized their mistakes and problems and solved them out. Downsize: close unprofitable stores, this will reduce payroll and increase the funding to solve damaged issues. Off coarse this is the last measure companies look at but its helpful at the long run.

Osmosis Essay Essays

Osmosis Essay Essays Osmosis Essay Paper Osmosis Essay Paper Osmosis is a form of passive transport, and a specialised form of diffusion. It is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one, through a semipermeable membrane. Hence it is where water moves from a high to a low concentration. I will design an experiment to test this process on a typical example of osmosis effect on plant cells, taking as the sample, potato. It is through osmosis and the fluctuating levels of water in the cell that the concentrations of minerals in the plant are regulated. Expt. 1 Last year, I conducted two experiments in which dialysis tubing was used to simulate the semipermeable membrane. In the first experiment a knot was tied in one end of a length of soaked dialysis tubing and a pipette was used to half fill it with a strong glucose solution. The air bubbles were expelled and a knot was tied in the other end. At this point the tubing was flaccid (limp). When it was then placed in a test-tube full of distilled water, it became turgid (firm). [See diag.1] Expt. 2 In the second experiment red-dyed sugar solution was placed in a bell-shaped piece of apparatus, with a capillary tube off it and a cellulose film over the bottom [See diag.2]. This was then placed in a beaker full of distilled water and left for half an hour, by which time the level of water in the beaker had gone down, and red dye had moved up the capillary tube. The water in the beaker had not turned red. The experiment was then repeated with a stronger solution. The volume of water in the beaker decreased further; the dye went further up the capillary tube. These two experiments clearly demonstrated that, while small water molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane, larger molecules (such as glucose) do not. This is why the water in the beaker did not turn red, while the red dye in the capillary tube did become paler. The second experiment also showed that the more concentrated the solution, the more water diffused in by osmosis. Expt. 3 More recently, I conducted an experiment investigating these processes in a real plant cell. An onion was cut up, and two small pieces of the epidermis (a single layer of cells) were peeled, cut and placed onto microscope slide. Onto one of them was pipetted a few drops of distilled water; onto the other was pipetted a few drops of 1 molar glucose solution. Cover slips were then placed onto the two pieces of onion epidermis. [see diag.3a]. These were then placed under the microscope, and their cells looked identical [see diag.3b]. Fifteen minutes later, however, a marked change had been observed. While the onion cells bathed in distilled water had become turgid [see diag.3c], those bathed in glucose had been plasmolysed [see diag.3d]. Plasmolysis occurs when water diffuses out of the cell vacuole, causing the cytoplasm to have a decreased volume, in turn causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall. It only occurs when the cell is hypoosmotic relative to the bathing solution. That is to say that plasmolysis only occurs when the cells solute potential (?s) is lower and therefore water potential (?w) is higher than that of the bathing solution. The bathing solution is hypertonic: this means that there is a higher concentration of solute, and thus lower concentration of water, in the bathing solution than the cell. Totally dilute water has infinite water potential, and zero solute potential. In Expt.3, the water potential of the onion cells in the glucose solution was greater than that of the onion cells in the distilled water. So, because the onion cells in the glucose solution were hypoosmotic, they were plasmolysed. Whereas the onion cells in the distilled water were hyperosmotic (had higher solute, and therefore lower water, potential), so became turgid. In my investigation of osmosis in potato cells, I hope to be able to determine the water potential of the cells. I will do this by finding the isotonic (equal solute, and therefore water potential) bathing solution. Key Variables I will be testing a total of 5 bathing solutions (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol glucose solutions distilled water). I will require 10 potato pieces (two for each solution). As they will be cut from a slice of potato 1 cm tall, the height is already constant. I must also ensure that the breadth of each piece is constant: 1cm. It is vital that the breadth and height are constant so that it is possible to measure any change in length. Of course, in order to measure the change, it will be necessary to ensure that the initial lengths are constant, and to ensure that I measure the same sides at the beginning as the end. To do this, I will take a tiny segment out of one side (I will measure the other). The initial lengths will be 2.5 cm. Obviously, it is hoped that the potato will have an even density, but in case it does not, the individual masses will be measured beforehand as well as afterwards. Through the use of such a precise piece of apparatus, I hope to be more accurate in my final readings. Also, this way the comparison between increase/ decrease in the lengths of potato pieces may be reinforced by a comparison between the increase/ decrease in their masses. So the readings will not only be more accurate, but also more reliable. The initial volumes of the bathing solutions must be constant, in order to better compare any changes in volumes. The initial volumes will be 20ml. The amount of time during which the potato pieces are left in their bathing solutions must be constant. The time set will be 30 minutes. The only variable left is the strength of the bathing solution. These are: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol glucose solutions distilled water. I am using these solutions because I want to show some potato cells become turgid and be plasmolysed: and I will need this sort of range to do so, because potato has a lower water potential than onion (and will therefore need a stronger solution than that used in Expt.3). Aim To discover the water potential of the average potato cell in terms of the relative isotonic bathing solution. Hypothesis As demonstrated in the three experiments in the Introduction, osmosis determines that water travels from high to low concentration over a selectively permeable membrane. In the planned experiment, when the bathing solution is hypertonic (lower water potential, higher solute potential) relative to the potato cell, water will flow out of the vacuole into the bathing solution (plasmolysis, Expt.3). This will cause the potato cells to become flaccid, shrinking and losing weight. The potato pieces that lose mass, and decrease in length will be the ones with high water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I think this will happen in the distilled water, because completely distilled water has infinite water potential. When the bathing solution is hypotonic (higher water potential, lower solute potential) relative to the potato cell, the cell will become turgid because water will flow from the bathing solution into the vacuole. The potato pieces that increase in length and gain mass will be the ones with low water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I predict this for the strong glucose solutions (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mol), because I have seen from experiments 12 that strong glucose solutions have low water potential. When the bathing solution is isotonic (equal water potential, equal solute potential) relative to the potato cell, the cell will not change. The potato pieces that neither increase nor decrease in length and neither lose nor gain mass will be the ones with the same water potential, relative to the bathing solution. I believe this will occur in the weakest glucose solution (0.2mol) because, although a 0.1mol solution plasmolysed the onions in Expt.3, potatoes have a lower water content than onions (85% as opposed to 89%), meaning that they will also have a lower water potential. I am therefore predicting that the water potential of the average potato cell is equal to that of a low strength glucose solution. I say this because I know that, in distilled water, the cells become turgid; and in strong glucose solutions, the cells plasmolyse. Apparatus slab of potato 1cm thick, scalpel, white tile, solutions (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mol glucose), distilled water, 5 boiling tubes, clock, ruler (mm), electric balance (to 0.01g), and a measuring cylinder, forceps, boiling tube rack, paper towels. Planned Method First I will cut out the 10 potato pieces (10x10x25mm) on the white tile with the scalpel, taking a chunk out of one side [see diag. 4a]. Then I will measure their masses on the electric balance. Then I will measure out the volumes of the bathing solutions (20ml each) in a measuring cylinder (the measuring cylinder will be dried after each measure) [see diag. 4b]. Then I will pour the bathing solutions into the 5 boiling tubes, which I will have labelled, and two potato pieces will be placed into each boiling tube and the timer started [see diag. 4c]. 30 minutes later, I will remove the 10 potato pieces, rinse (briefly) and dry them, and measure their lengths and masses. These will then be recorded. Then the volumes of the bathing solutions will be recorded (again, the measuring cylinder will be dried after each measure). Diagrams Safety Precautions As with all substances in a science laboratory, it is vital that I do not taste the potato, the solutions or the distilled water. I must not touch my face or licking my fingers before washing my hands, but I should attempt to avoid getting the liquids if possible, as it risks contaminating our results. Evidently, care must also be taken with the scalpel in the cutting of the potato, as it is a sharp instrument.

Dell Computer Corporation essays

Dell Computer Corporation essays The computer industry has become one of the most competitive industries in the world. With technology growing at amazing paces, many of the computer companies have fallen behind and even out of the industry since the development of the computer. Only the strongest companies have been able to be profitable and efficient. Dell Computer Corporation is one of the few corporations to be able to remain at the top of the market. Dell was founded in May of 1984 and is now the worlds number one computer systems company. Its founder, Michael Dell, has been the chief executive officer for the longest term ever in the computer industry, and is arguably the most successful of all. It is this continuous level of superior management that has helped Dell to be advantageous. Another contributor to Dells success is its simple concept to distribute computer systems directly to its customers, therefore better realizing their wants and needs. Its headquarters are located in Austin, Texas but Dell distributes products and services worldwide, mainly though the power of the Internet. Dell launched its Internet site, www.dell.com, in 1994 and began selling its products through it in 1996. In 1997, it became the first company to record $1 million in online sales. About three-quarters of the companys sales are generated from sales of desktop and notebook personal computers. It also sells workstations, network servers, and storage systems. Dells initial public offering was in 1988, when they sold 386.4 million shares at $0.09 per share(accounted for splits). In 1991, Dell sold another 364.8 million shares for $0.30 each. Today, Dells average stock price hovers around $25, after reaching a peak around $50 in 1999. Dell ranks number 48 on the Fortune 500, number seven on the Fortune Global most admired list of companies, and number 122 on the Fortune Global 500. The question that remains for Dell is can ...

Needs Analysis Survey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Needs Analysis Survey - Research Paper Example The Job to be analyzed is the customer service representative. The procedure to be used in collecting job data is questionnaire survey. Some of the questions to be asked during analysis include:†¢Ã‚  What are the formal qualifications of this job combined with the relevant field experience needed in this job?†¢Ã‚  What technical skills are needed in this job such as skills in computers or word processors? †¢Ã‚  Apart from the formal education, what other skills are needed for additional training in this job?†¢Ã‚  What special skills in reading and writing are needed in this job?†¢Ã‚  How long does the training of the specific skills necessary in this job take to perform the job satisfactory?†¢Ã‚  After how long should be skills be updated through training?†¢Ã‚  What is the level of decision making required by this position?†¢Ã‚  How will the training help in the positions the customer service representative oversees or directs?Individual analys isThe individual to be analyzed in this case are the customer service representatives.   The method to be used in collecting the individual analysis information is interviews.   Some of the questions to be asked during this analysis:†¢Ã‚  Do you think you need training in your job?†¢Ã‚  How often should you be trained and why?†¢Ã‚  Do you encounter problems which are difficult to solve?†¢Ã‚  Do you think they can be solved through training?†¢Ã‚  How many days a week do you think are sufficient for your training and for how long?†¢Ã‚  What are your strengths in this job?†¢Ã‚  What are the weaknesses you have in this job?

Short Run and Long Run Strategies in Business Essay

Short Run and Long Run Strategies in Business - Essay Example The short run is a period usually in which factors of capital other than labor are all fixed and cannot be changed, the short run for the shipping industry may be 3 years and the short run for a smaller business like handicrafts may be 6 months but generally the short run is considered to be one year. The ultimate goal for any company other than not for profit is to earn a considerable profit for its stakeholders but at times market conditions are such that this objective has to be kept behind and other strategies have to be pursued in order to meet the long-term objective of making a profit for all the people who are concerned with the business. Some of these environmental situations are explained below. At times in the face of strong competition that might threaten the business in the long run and the short run as well businesses tend to forget the objective of making a profit until they drive the competition out of the market, there are several strategies that a business could use for this. One of the most popular strategy that businesses use to drive out competition from the market is dumping, since the company which is just entering the market have higher production costs because of lower efficiency due to a variety of reasons such as not knowing the best suppliers and not having a reputation and a rapport would mean that costs for the company automatically are higher than a company which is already existent in the market. Hence established firms take advantage of this and start selling their products at well below their marginal costs, the new entrant into the market can ill afford that and is forced to move out of the market. When a firm deploys this strategy to drive competit ion out of the market, is it earning a profit on the products that it is selling? No, it is not, in fact, it is selling at a price lower than what it cost to produce one extra unit.

Observations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Observations - Essay Example Yet, this is futile. This is because each observer tries to interpret Arab Spring in the light of the Revolution that fits his perceptions. Revolutions never happen to be straight jacketed in the context of time. They are influenced by many motivations from the past and continue to influence the future over time. Thereby the significance of the Arab Spring lies in the historical influences that motivated it and the impact it will continue to have on the history in the times to come. The British often take the credit for creating Jordan. Actually Jordan was carved out by the British to reward an Arab supporter. It was after independence that Jordan attained the status of a sovereign kingdom. The Arab state system was created by Britain and France by dismantling the Ottoman Empire. These nations continued to interfere in the internal affairs of the Arab states created by them. It is this factor that has assured the survival of Arab monarchies. The leadership of the Arab protests primarily comprised of social networking youth who had little experience in managing street demonstrations. The Arab protests were not unified. They existed as segregated protests lead by different interest

Motivating Employees in an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Motivating Employees in an Organisation Essay Motivating Employees in an Organization S Santosh Contents Chapter 12 Chapter 25 Chapter 310 Chapter 415 Chapter 1 Motivation: Concepts and Theories Defining motivation The word motivation comes from the Latin word movere to move. And managers often view motivation in exactly those terms (I need to get my people moving! ). Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action. General motivation is concerned with effort towards any goal, whereas effort towards Organizational goals reflects work-related behavior. Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. We mainly deal with the motivating employees in an organization towards the organizational goal for the benefit of both the organization and the employee. Understanding what motivates employees and how they are motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Motivation Theories and concepts While there are many theories on motivation, the seven major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are the following: †¢ According to Maslow, employees have five levels of needs (Maslow, 1943): physiological, safety, social, ego, and self- actualizing. Maslow argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. †¢ Herzbergs work categorized motivation into two factors: motivators and hygiene (Herzberg, Mausner, ; Snyderman, 1959). Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction. †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs which focuses on three needs, namely need for Achievement, Need for power, Need for affiliation.

Pi :: essays research papers

In mathematics, Pi is the symbol denoting the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an irrational number (one that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or as a decimal with a finite number of decimal places) and a transcendental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). Electronic computers in the late 20th century have carried pi to more than 100,000,000 decimal places. Using a computer program, I calculated pi into 1000 decimals: 3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 3305727036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pi occurs in various mathematical calculations. The circumference (c) of a circle can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by : c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the square of the radius (r): A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or other curves, the areas of ellipses, sectors, and other curved surfaces, and the volumes of solids. It is also used in various formulas of physics and engineering to describe such periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the vibration of strings, and alternating electric currents. In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd century BC) does there seem to have been a scientific effort to compute it; he reached a figure equivalent to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from before AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. Early in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, permitting expressions of pi in millions of digits. Pi :: essays research papers In mathematics, Pi is the symbol denoting the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an irrational number (one that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or as a decimal with a finite number of decimal places) and a transcendental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). Electronic computers in the late 20th century have carried pi to more than 100,000,000 decimal places. Using a computer program, I calculated pi into 1000 decimals: 3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 3305727036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pi occurs in various mathematical calculations. The circumference (c) of a circle can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by : c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the square of the radius (r): A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or other curves, the areas of ellipses, sectors, and other curved surfaces, and the volumes of solids. It is also used in various formulas of physics and engineering to describe such periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the vibration of strings, and alternating electric currents. In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd century BC) does there seem to have been a scientific effort to compute it; he reached a figure equivalent to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from before AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. Early in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, permitting expressions of pi in millions of digits.

King Lear :: essays papers

King Lear Act I Scene i: Set in the royal court, the first scene of Shakespeare's King Lear pivots upon the refusal of the aged monarch's youngest daughter, Cordelia, to follow the suit of her sisters Goneril and Regan in professing love for their father, and Lear's wrathful decision to disown Cordelia. Nevertheless, Act I, scene i of Lear begins with a parallel subplot about the bastard Edmund's treachery toward his father Gloucester and his brother Edgar. At the start of the scene, we first see the loyal gentlemen Kent and Gloucester discussing Lear's intention to leave the realm to his daughters and their sons-in-law. The dialogue is interrupted by the appearance of Edmund, the illegitimate son of Gloucester. In due course we learn that Edmund is not only a bastard but also an inveterate villain, the male counterpart to Lear's "evil" daughters, Goneril and Regan. Trumpets blare as a majestic Lear arrives with his retinue and announces that his "darker purpose" is to hand over his kingdom to his t hree daughters. He proceeds to ask each of them to express their love for him in words. Goneril tells her father that he is dearer to her than "eyesight, space and liberty" (l.56); the second daughter Regan answers that she is "an enemy of all other joys" (l.73). But Lear's youngest daughter, Cordelia, responds that she can add nothing to what her older sisters have said. Cordelia refuses to go beyond her own heart and conscience; she loves her father, but not to the exclusion of all else. Lear becomes infuriated, and then disinherits and disowns his youngest daughter. The goodly Kent's efforts to restore Cordelia only provoke Lear's wrath and lead to the nobleman's banishment. When two suitors for Cordelia's hand in marriage, the Duke of Burgundy and the King of France appear, Lear tells them that they must take her without a dowry. The Duke of Burgundy refuses but the King of France takes the fair and true Cordelia with him. In the scene's final exchange, Goneril and Regan reveal themselves as the coming villains of the tragedy, with the bastard Edmund lurking in the background Scenes ii, iii, iv, & v: Here Shakespeare returns to the subplot, as Edmund devises a scheme to set his father against Edgar, Gloucester's legitimate son. He shows Gloucester a phony letter in which Edgar tries to enlist Edmund into a murder plot against their father.

Alternative communication system during disaster Essay

PSTN or the public switched telephone network is the prime network responsible for transmitting and receiving voice, fax and data. All government and private offices, police stations, fire stations, hospitals and majority of homes and business places are serviced by the PSTN line. . Amateur Radio operation does not use ground based infrastructure. Moreover these have limited power needs which can easily be met by batteries and generations. Therefore, it has been experienced that Amateur Radio has worked successfully when no other communication worked. A radio wave is an electromagnetic wave propagated by an antenna. The floods in 2004 in Assam and Bihar submerged telephone exchanges and damaged telephone exchanges thereby disrupting roads and railways communication. This is the reason why the district headquarters got totally out off from the state headquarters and neighbouring districts. A major natural disaster or emergency situation like earthquake, cyclone, flood, etc., leaves the public wired and wireless mobile telephone infrastructure damaged and non-functional. This is a transmission towers or disrupted power supply to operate telephone exchanges and cellular transmission towers also affect the radio communication network of police and civil authorities. Satellite based communication systems refer to communication systems designed for users on the earth but have some equipment in space called a satellite. Various jobs such as taking weather pictures or finding accurate positions are amongst the different job performed by different satellites. These are sometimes refered to as COSMAT’s and are essentially radio relay stations in space. Geo-stationary orbit satellites are stationed above the earth at a position around 36000 kms above the equator. The images of weather forecasts and cyclone observations that we see on our television are made with the help of images from weather satellites. A major disaster (flood, earthquake, etc.) or emergency situation affects telephone exchanges and communication networks thereby disconnecting the affected areas from other parts of the world. In such situations, the urgent needs of disaster affected population are not communicated to government authorities, voluntary organizations and other unaffected people. This result in severe loss of human lives, livestock, property etc. This situation calls for reliable alternate communication links, to ensure that the right resources are provided to the right people at the right time. Asynchronous Orbit Satellites – These satellites are positioned in the lowerorbits around the earth. These continuously change their position with respect to the earth. The different kinds of asynchronous orbit satellites are : a) Science satellites: These orbit in altitudes of 4800 to 9700 kms. These send their research data to earth via radio telemetry signals. b) Observation Satellites: These are used for tasks like search and rescue satellites, photography. These act as relay stations to rebroadcast emergency radio-beacon signals from a downed aircraft or ship in trouble. These orbit at altitudes from 480 to 970 kms. c) Global Positioning System Satellites: Orbiting at altitudes of 9600 to 19200 kms, these are used to determine in terms of latitude ad longitude to determine the exact geographic location. The two prime communication networks of government of India are NIC and BSNL. Following are the functions of them: NIC or the National Information Centre, an organization of the Government of India is a premier science and technology organization of the Government of India is a premier science and technology organization in the field of informat ics services and information technology applications. To facilitate information and communication applications in government departments at central, state and districts, it has established a nationwide ICT network i.e. NICNET. The Government has designated NICNET as the Government Network. It has gateway modes in Central Government Departments, 35 state and union territories secretariats and 602 district collect orates of India for IT services. BSNL : The Department of Telephone Operations, Government of India was incorporated on 1st October, 2000 and was named Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. BSNL is today the largest public sector undertaking in India with a network of over 45 million lines, covering 5000 towns with over 35 million telephone connections, it has become the country’s leading telecommunication company expansion of telecom network, improvement of the quality of telecom in rural areas are some of its major responsibilities.

Cobweb Spiders, Family Theridiidae

Cobweb Spiders, Family Theridiidae From the harmless house spiders to the venomous widows, the family Theridiidae includes a large and diverse group of arachnids. Chances are theres a cobweb spider somewhere in your house right now. Description: Spiders of the family Theridiidae are also called comb-foot spiders. Theridiids have a row of setae, or bristles, on their fourth pair of legs. The setae help the spider wrap its silk around captured prey. Cobweb spiders are sexually dimorphic in size; females are larger than males. Female cobweb spiders have spherical abdomens and long, slender legs. Some species practice sexual cannibalism, with the female eating the male after mating. The black widow gets its name from this practice. Cobweb spiders build irregular, 3-dimensional webs of sticky silk. Not all spiders within this group build webs, however. Some cobweb spiders live in social communities, with spiderlings and adult females sharing the web. Others practice kleptoparasitism, stealing prey from other spiders webs. Classification: Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – ArachnidaOrder – AraneaeFamily – Theridiidae Diet: Cobweb spiders feed on insects, and occasionally other spiders. When an insect becomes ensnared in the sticky strands of the web, the spider quickly injects it with venom and wraps it tightly in silk. The meal can then be consumed at the spiders leisure. Life Cycle: Male cobweb spiders roam in search of mates. In many species, the male uses a stridulatory organ to signal his interest in females. Though some Theridiid males do get eaten after mating, most survive to find another mate. The female cobweb spider wraps her eggs in a silk case and attaches it to a point near her web. She guards the egg sac until the spiderlings hatch. Special Adaptations and Defenses: With dozens of genera in the Theridiidae family, adaptations and defenses are as diverse as the cobweb spiders. Argyrodes spiders, for example, live along the edges of other spiders webs, dashing in to grab a meal when the resident spider isnt around. Some Theridiids mimic ants, either to trick potential ant prey or to fool possible predators. Range and Distribution: Cobweb spiders live throughout the world, with more than 2200 species described to date. Well over 200 Theridiid species live in North America.

The Gap essays

The Gap essays In Canada, the United States and Britain there is an increasing gap between the rich and the poor. The gap has become so large that the richest 1% of Americans holds 42% of its nations wealth. Similarly the richest 1% in Canada holds 25%, and in Britain they hold 18% of the nations wealth. This huge inequality causes many problems in the economy. The poverty and homelessness rate are on the rise. In London there are more than 100 000 homeless people. The per capita is the same for most American cities. Canada isnt quite as bad, although the poverty rate has risen more in the last few years than the U.S. and Britain. Now nearly one in five Canadians live below the poverty line. The gap has caused almost a two tier effects to our society. The rich have begun living in closed in communities where healthcare and other necessities are paid for. The healthcare system has also changed because of the gap. The richest receive healthcare faster because they are able to go to the healthcare and pay for it themselves. This can be a problem in countries like the U.S. that has a healthcare system hinged on insurance rather than government health coverage. Some may not be able to pay for the proper insurance for necessary medical treatments. In respects to education the rich can afford to send their children to university and private schools. 76% of those who get B.A. degrees come from families in the top quarter for earnings. Also, less than 4% of those coming from families in the bottom quarter earn degrees at university. This means that lower income families are just not receiving the same opportunities as the rich. As this cycle continues it leaves more and more people with high school educations that are not going to get jobs with good incomes. This widens the gap; it is also hurtful to the moral of those with lower incomes. The gap is continuously getting bigger. We need to look at Euro ...

Major Problems In US to 18 Chapter 1 Review essays

Major Problems In US to 18 Chapter 1 Review essays Although many people believe that the Americas were discovered by Christopher Columbus, there were many people here before his arrival. These people were native Indian tribes such as the Aztecs and the Anasazi. These native people were very civilized. When the Europeans did arrive the interactions between them and the Indians were very difficult. They were very different people. They had different religion, appearances, work roles between men and women, notions of private property, and governmental structures. Eventually the Europeans will lead to the death of all the natives. They brought warfare and disease, which the natives had never dealt with prior to their arrival. In the documents, the Europeans and the Indians speak many different views. In the first document by Christopher Columbus, he tells of the land and people. He describes the land as beautiful and rich. He realizes the value of this land for building and farming. He also says that the land contains great mines of gold. He describes the natives appearances as naked. He also thinks that they are somewhat unintelligent because they do not know the value of trade. They trade not for value but for use. An example that he uses is that they value a broken useless piece of glass as a jewel. They also trade with him a broken strap for two and a half castellanos of gold. Columbus also does not understand the religion of the Indians. They have no one god like he does. They worship many gods from the sky. In Document 2 the conquest of the Aztecs is discussed. The warfare was brutal. The stabbing, beating and killing of the Indians left the Indians in terror. They had never seen this violence nor had they seen the warfare before. They had no iron or steel like the Spanish had. The Spanish stole all valuables, killed many through famine and murder, and left them without a leader who died of the small pox disease that the Spanish spread. In d...

Difference between US and South Korea transprotation Research Paper

Difference between US and South Korea transprotation - Research Paper Example Notable areas that have witnessed tremendous development include the public transportation sector. The growth in the economy has led to the rapid expansion of air, land and sea transportation. To this end, the period of rapid growth in the transport sector can be traced back to the early 1990’s. During this period, South Korea was emerging as a formidable trading nation globally. Consequently, the transportation sector garnered 7 percent of the Gross Domestic Product in 1999. Apart from the rapid economic growth, increase in population density in Seoul and the greater metropolitan area created an incentive for growth of the public transport sector. To this end, a raft of reforms in the transportation sector enabled Seoul to gain a competitive edge against established public transport networks globally. The subsequent sections will elaborate on the reasons for development of South Korean public transport network. Furthermore, the positive effects of the public transport develop ment to the South Korean society will be discussed. In addition, a comparative analysis of the differences between the South Korean public transport and the United States model will be comprehensively discussed. Reasons for Development of South Korean Public Transport In order to understand the development of South Korea’s public transport, a background of the precipitating factors is essential. Foremost, Seoul and the wider metropolitan areas of Gyeonggi and Incheon province have witnessed rapid population growth since 1942. The effect of population growth from 9 million to 25 million by 2010 increased demand in transportation. Furthermore, coupled by a rapidly growing economy, the public transportation sector was in need of reforms to mitigate over the crisis. Consequently, the reforms initiated touched on technology, infrastructure and policy affecting public transport. To this end, the reforms undertaken were based on visionary and integrated approach. The vision was to m ake ‘Seoul a clean and attractive city’(Kuranami et al 8-1). Consequently, the focal themes were centred on three areas. These were: environmental sustainability through a low carbon emission transport system; human centred traffic system; social inclusion, and economic growth through the building of demand management. Reforms in the public transit sector were undertaken by the Seoul Metropolitan government (SMG). Foremost, the SMG introduced rapid transit corridors for the buses to ease congestion. This involved redesigning of the bus routes and the introduction of feeder routes. Second, the SMG implemented a uniform fare structure and an automated ticket system across all modes of transportation and designated routes. Consequently, the SMG maintained the decision of fare regulations as well as schedules and routes. In addition, a colour coded numbering system of the buses was introduced in order to specify the types of services they offered. In terms of infrastructura l development, median bus right- of- ways were expanded to accommodate the Bus Rapid Transit services. Moreover, the bus lanes were increased and upgraded as well as the expansion of the length of curb side bus lanes. Railway transport equally experienced development strategies that boosted development of So